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Honey and Meli Maenomenon.
Pediatric Warning: Honey and Children Under Two
Children under the age of one (to be really safe probably two years old) should not ingest honey. Honey contains clostridium botulinum spores. In the human with a mature immune system, the spores will not germinate in the gastrointestinal tract. However, in the immature immune system of the infant, the spores can germinate and cause botulism, a descending flaccid paralysis caused by the neurotoxin of clostridia botulinum. It also does not matter if the honey is pasteurized, since the typical pasteurization temperature is not high to kill the spores.
Composition of Honey
Honey is a highly processed (by bees in this case) substance
that is usually around 40% by weight fructose. The typical
composition in 100 grams of honey is:
Water 17.1 g (12.2-22.9 g)
Monosaccharides:
Fructose 38.5 g (25.2-44.4 g)
Glucose 31.0 g (24.6-36.9 g)
Disaccharides:
Maltose 7.20 g (1.70-11.8 g)
Sucrose 1.50 g (0.50-2.90 g)
Once again we visit the near equal amounts of fructose and glucose entering the bloodstream at the same time. Also, each gram of maltose will yield two molecules of glucose for each molecule of maltose. Each gram of sucrose will yield one molecule of fructose and one molecule of glucose for each molecule of sucrose. As mentioned previously, (now almost ad nauseum) the fructose enters the metabolic pathway for glucose below where glucose enters. This short circuits the glycolytic path for glucose and temporarily blocks the metabolism of the glucose. Excess insulin is secreted and in about two hours when both sugars are metabolized, there will be too much insulin in the bloodstream and voila ... hypoglycemia. Or, if you in the middle of the Ironman or a training run or ride -the Bonk! I hate this bicycle and why am I doing this stupid triathlon?
Honey may be naturally processed by bees but it is still a large dose of fructose and glucose.
Even though honey is a more natural substance, it really is no
safer than sucrose. All the problems associated with sucrose
are also associated with honey. Lowered immune system function
that can lead to cancer. Damage to the vascular system
leading to heart disease and adult onset diabetes mellitus with
gangrenous toes and all -are at the end of the sugar freeway.
There is also some discussion about additional nutrients found
in honey. However, the amounts are miniscule and really not
worth the health risk of large doses of simple sugars. I
think one of the best quotes I have found regarding this is:
"Added sugar contributes nothing but calories and is known as a
dead food. All you have to do to improve your nutrition is
consume products without any added sugar. Anyone interested in
improving their nutrition and personal health should avoid added
sugar in their diet."
This is from the following website:
http://naturalhealthperspective.com/food/sugar.html
Meli Maenomenom and Some Ancient History
The nature of honey depends on from which flowers the honey bees get their nectar. Clover honey is very popular and does not constitute a significant toxic health threat on an acute basis. However, honey gathered from Rhododendron in the Black Sea area is very toxic. Xenophon, the author of The Anabasis, who was also a very brilliant military leader and a follower of Socrates, found out the hard way. In 401 B.C., following a less than optimal campaign in Persia, he elected to lead 10,000 Greek soldiers through the mountains of Kurdistan, Georgia and finally Armenia. They noticed a large number of bee hives when they made camp in Colchis. They raided the hives and devoured the honey. Soon they were all acting like intoxicated madmen, had fits of vomiting and collapsed by the thousands.
Toxic Honey -A Weapon
Pompey, a few years later, in 67 B.C. did not fare as well. While campaigning against Mithridates king of Pontus, he camped in the same area. Some allies of Mithridates (the Heptakometes) had placed toxic honeycombs all along the way. Pompey's army feasted on the honeycombs and soon they were easily slaughtered. Similar tactics were used against Russian foes of Olga of Kieve in 946 A.D. and Tartar soldiers were massacred by the Russians in 1489 after ingesting toxic honey in the same area.
Meli Maenomenon (Mad Honey)
This honey soon became known as mad honey. While there has been some debate on this subject it apparently is significant enough, even here in the US, that poison control data bases all make mention of toxic honey poisoning. Early symptoms include tingling, numbness, dizziness, impaired speech, and even hallucinations. Larger amounts of ingested "meli maenomenon" result in vertigo, delirium, nausea and vomiting, impaired breathing, bradycardia, hypotension, cyanosis, muscle paralysis and unconsciousness. Extreme ingestions can cause ventricular tachycardia and other serious cardiac arrhythmias.
Differential Diagnosis:
Acute Myocardial Infarction vs Toxic Honey Ingestion
In most emergency rooms in northern California, one of
the differential considerations for acute myocardial
infarction (heart attack) is mad (toxic) honey ingestion.
Today's Health Tip:
Honey is really no safer than sucrose. I would try to limit
the ingestion of honey just as you would any other simple
sugar.
Reference:
Stryer Biochemistry Fourth Edition
Dan McFeeley (The Ancient History)
His only address is:
www.keynet.net
This however, at least for me, was
a broken link.
Thanks for your time and your attention.
Copyright © John Mericle M.D. D.A.B.R. 2000-2011 All Rights Reserved
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